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Ensure switches, routers, and other network devices are properly configured and capable of handling the network load.
Implement a hierarchical network design that minimises the number of network hops and reduces latency.
Utilise spanning tree protocols (STP, RSTP, or MSTP) to eliminate loops and ensure a loop-free network topology, thereby preventing latency caused by broadcast storms and excessive traffic.
Quality of Service (QoS) Configuration
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Configure QoS settings on network devices to prioritise Vivi traffic and reduce latency for real-time applications.
Assign appropriate priority levels and bandwidth limits to different types of traffic, ensuring that Vivi receives sufficient resources.
VLANs and Inter-VLAN Routing
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VLANs are used to segregate network traffic into separate virtual networks, which can improve network performance and reduce latency.
Properly configure VLANs and inter-VLAN routing to ensure efficient communication between different network segments.
Ensure that VLANs are appropriately designed and implemented based on the school's network requirements and traffic patterns.
Monitor VLAN traffic and analyse any potential bottlenecks or misconfigurations that may contribute to latency.
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Redundant Routes and Spanning Tree Protocols
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Here are some general best practices for configuring STP:
Understand the STP versions: Familiarize yourself with the different STP versions such as IEEE 802.1D (Classic STP), Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP, IEEE 802.1w), and Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol (MSTP, IEEE 802.1s). Each version has its own features and considerations.
Configure a Root Bridge: Designate a root bridge within the spanning tree topology. This should be the most stable and reliable switch in your network. Configuring a root bridge helps ensure optimal spanning tree paths.
Use PortFast: Enable PortFast on access ports that connect to end-user devices. PortFast allows for fast transitioning of ports to the forwarding state, bypassing the listening and learning states. This helps reduce convergence time and avoids unnecessary delays.
Enable BPDU Guard: Enable BPDU (Bridge Protocol Data Unit) Guard on access ports to protect against accidental network loops. BPDU Guard automatically shuts down ports that receive BPDUs, indicating the presence of a switch or bridge.
Implement Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP): If supported by your network equipment, consider using RSTP instead of the older Classic STP. RSTP provides faster convergence times, better loop prevention, and other enhancements.
Configure UplinkFast or BackboneFast: UplinkFast and BackboneFast are Cisco proprietary features that improve the convergence time of STP. UplinkFast enables faster transition of blocked ports to the forwarding state when an uplink fails. BackboneFast reduces the convergence time when indirect links fail.
Optimize STP Timers: Adjust the STP timers to optimize the convergence time for your network. Parameters such as Hello Time, Max Age, and Forward Delay can be tweaked based on network size, topology, and requirements. Care should be taken to ensure that timers are consistent across the network.
Implement Redundant Links: Utilize redundant links and implement link aggregation techniques such as EtherChannel (Cisco) or Link Aggregation Group (LAG) to provide higher network availability while preventing STP loops.
These are just a few general best practices for configuring Spanning Tree Protocols. It's important to consult the documentation specific to your network equipment and vendor for detailed instructions and additional recommendations.
As an example, here are the best practicing for configuring your spanning tree on Cisco networks:
https://www.ciscopress.com/articles/article.asp?p=2832407&seqNum=6
And here are some great spanning tree “gotchas” to look out for: https://www.auvik.com/franklyit/blog/spanning-tree-mistakes/
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Configure redundant routes and utilise spanning tree protocols to provide network redundancy without introducing latency issues.
Regularly monitor the status of redundant links and spanning tree configurations to identify and resolve any issues affecting latency.
Network Latency Testing
Perform regular network latency testing using specialised tools to identify bottlenecks and areas for improvement.
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